Acute pain
Definition of pain
Assessment of pain
Pain fibres
The spinal cord
Pain pathways
Physiology of pain
Pain modulation
Pharmacology of pain
Opioid analgesics
Opioid agonists and partial agonists
Non-opioid analgesics
Other approaches
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
Spinal anaesthesia
Spinal anaesthesia: Choice of needle
Spinal anaesthesia: Choice of local anaesthetic
Epidural anaesthesia
Patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA)
Caudal anaesthesia
Combined spinal and epidural Anaesthesia (CSE)
Acute pain-analgesics
Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management
Acute and postoperative pain in children
Royal College of Anaesthetists guidelines on Pain Management
Guidelines in pain management
References
Chronic pain
Assessment of acute and chronic pain
Management of chronic pain
Central mechanisms in chronic pain
Wind-up
NMDA receptor
Central pain
Management of neuropathic pain
Tricyclic antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Gabapentin
Local anaesthetics
Alpha-agonists
Steroids
Capsaicin
Ketamine
Opioids in chronic pain
Durogesic DTrans
Tramacet
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Management of post-herpetic neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia
Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve
Complex regional pain syndrome
Sympathetic nerve blocks
Phantom limb pain
Dorsal column stimulation
Stellate ganglion block
Coeliac plexus block
Guanethidine Biers blocks
Cryoanalgesia
Neurosurgical techniques in the treatment of chronic pain
Stimulation-produced analgesia: acupuncture, TENS and alternative techniques
Psychological techniques in chronic pain
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Organisation of pain management services